![]() ![]() Congress immediately passed the Espionage Act, which outlawed a variety of crimes associated with German agents. It was a stunning event, in both magnitude and consequence. Pieces of metal damaged the skirt of the Statue of Liberty (it is because of this explosion that the Lady's torch has been closed off to visitors. The noise of the explosion was heard as far away as Maryland and Connecticut. A million people, maybe five millions, were awakened by the explosion that shook the houses along the marshy New Jersey shores, rattled the skyscrapers on the rock foundation of Manhattan, threw people from their beds miles away and sent terror broadcast. was officially neutral in the conflict at this point. German agents who were determined to prevent American munitions shippers from supplying its English enemy during the First World War. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Black Tom was serving as a major munitions depot. ![]() ![]() Besides ammunition and explosives, she also carried general cargo and some passengers.Įarly in the morning of July 30, 1916, German agents, probably assisted by Irish nationalists, blew up a munitions dump at the Black Tom railroad yard and the adjoining warehouses in New York harbor. Her most, frequent ports of call included Mare Island, San Francisco, San Pedro, San Diego, Balboa, Guantanamo Bay, Norfolk. Her principal operations were conducted between ports which extended from Puget Sound on the west coast to as far north as Boston on the east coast. launched 16 December 1919 as "Ammunition Ship #1". The first Pyro (AE-1), an ammunition ship, was laid down 9 August 1918 at the Navv Yard, Puget Sound, Wash. In the case of a commercial shipment, NEW would refer to the weight of ONLY the explosive material in the shipment, not the gross weight of the shipment. Hence, the total NEW of 5 such "1000 pound" bombs would be 1925 pounds. The bomb casing and other non-explosive parts of the device, such as guidance components, etc, account for the remainder of the weight. For example, a military 1000-pound bomb might weigh 1000 pounds, but it contains only 385 pounds of explosive material. The term "net explosive weight (NEW)" refers to the weight of ONLY the explosive material in a given load, device, or article. Division 1.5 denotes materials that possess a mass explosion hazard, but are so insensitive that there is little probability of initiating an explosion during normal conditions of transport. Detonation velocity of division 1.1 material is approximately 10k to 30k feet per second. This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. Division 1.1 denotes a "mass explosion hazard". The explosives are primarily in divisions 1.1 and 1.5. Hence, you might see a given shipment listed as "1.1C", or "1.5D", etc. Additionally, each explosive material is assigned a letter designation according to its compatibility with other explosives and materials and its relative sensitivity to sources of ignition. Class 1 materials are further divided into hazard class divisions (1.1, 1.2, etc.) based upon the primary hazard inherent to each type of explosive. More generally, any general break-bulk cargo ship carrying ammunition may be considered to be an ammunition ship.Īll explosives are grouped into hazard classification group 1 and are identified as "class 1" materials. Ammunition is considered to be a "stovepipe" commodity in that it is requisitioned and reported on through a single channel. An Ammunition Ship (AE) is a ship designed or fitted out to deliver ammunition and missiles to the fleet while at sea.
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